How will the Earth system respond to humaninducedforcing over periods of decades to Millennia?
Will climate change affect the food productionsystem in Europeand vice versa?
What is the impact of climate changes onbiodiversity?
Can we predict the evolution of the Earth system?
For how long?
Does it matter for the climate if people live in megacities or inthe country?
How does climate change impact air quality and vice versa?
Can we quantify the risk of not having enough water of quality?
What would the implication of an ice-free Arctic be for regional climate in Europe?
Does location of emission matter?
Scientific Questions:
How will (human-driven) changes in the nitrogen cycle perturb the carbon cycle?
What has maintained the past oscillations in atmospheric CO2 between 180 and 280 ppm?
How does climate change impact air quality and vice versa?
What are the stability problems of Earth‘s subsystems of varying complexity? (e.g. atmosphere, ocean, atmosphere/ocean,atmosphere/ocean/cryosphere, ...)
What would the implication of an ice-free Arctic be for regional climate in Europe?
Organisational and Technical Issues:
How can COSMOS ESMs contribute to ES monitoring?
Does location of emission matter?
What are agreeable common standards in Earth System Modelling?